Written by
Abhinav Yadav

Written by
Abhinav Yadav

One of the most confusing concepts for beginners in Python is mutability. Some objects can change after they are created while others cannot. Understanding this becomes much easier if we look at how Python stores objects in memory.

When you run a Python file it feels instant. You type python app.py and the program just runs. But behind the scenes Python goes through multiple steps before your code actually executes. In this post I break down how Python runs a script using first principles from source code to bytecode to the Python Virtual Machine.
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